The idea of a velocity vector comes from classical physics. By representing the position and motion of a single particle using vectors, the equations for motion are simpler and more intuitive. Suppose the position of a particle at time t is given by the position vector s(t)=(s_1(t),s_2(t),s_3(t)). Then the velocity vector v(t) is the derivative of the position, v=(ds)/(dt)=((ds_1)/(dt),(ds_2)/(dt),(ds_3)/(dt)). For example, suppose a particle is confined to the plane and its position is...